Association of long duration of cardiopulmonary bypass with adverse outcomes in patient undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association between long duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and various adverse postoperative outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting for coronary artery disease. Study Design: Cohort study. Setting: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Azra Naheed Medical College, Lahore. Period: January’2023 to June’2023. Methods: Non-probability consecutive sampling done for 180 cases; 90 cases in each group is calculated with 80% power of test, 5% level of significance and taking expected percentage of ARF i.e. 1.3% in patients having short duration of surgery while 12.5% in patients having long duration of surgery. The in-hospital mortality in two groups was 2% vs. 12.9% (p=<0.001) exposed vs non-exposed. Results: According to study renal failure and mortality was significant among patients who had longer bypass time. According to chi square test p value was 0.014 with high significance of renal failure in group 46-75years and strong association of Age with ARF RR of 2.16. According to chi square test p value was 0.039 in male group with high significance of mortality in 27-30 BMI group and strong association of gender with mortality RR of 6.3. Conclusion: Longer CPD in patients undergoing CABG significantly associated with increased risk of postoperative renal failure and mortality. Key risk factors include Age >46 years and Male gender with BMI 27-30. Prolonged bypass time should be considered a predictor of adverse outcomes, warranting closer monitoring in high-risk patients.