Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with Ischemic heart diseases in Peshawar Institute of cardiology: A Cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the prevalence of diabetes in patients with ischemic heart disease at the Peshawar Institute of Cardiology. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar. Period: Jan 2024 to June 2024. Methods: Was conducted, including 395 patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease. Patient demographics, lifestyle factors, and clinical characteristics were recorded. The prevalence of diabetes, its type, and the relationship between diabetes and other factors like age, gender, body weight, smoking, and physical activity were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the participants was 58.19 ± 5.8 years, with 67.3% being male. Among the patients, 227 (57.5%) were diabetic, and 168 (42.5%) were non-diabetic. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was predominant, accounting for 98.2% (223/227) of diabetic patients, while only 1.8% (4/227) had type 1 diabetes mellitus. The majority of patients (45.1%) had normal weight, and 34.4% were smokers. Exercise habits varied, with 15.7% exercising daily and 26.3% leading a sedentary lifestyle. The most common clinical presentation was stable angina (44.8%), followed by unstable angina (24.6%), myocardial infarction (23.3%), and heart failure (7.3%). Conclusion: Diabetes is highly prevalent among patients with ischemic heart disease in this cohort, with 57.5% of patients being diabetic. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was the most common form. The high prevalence of diabetes and its strong association with ischemic heart disease emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to manage both conditions simultaneously, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and lifestyle modification in this high-risk population.