Clinical profile and outcome of neonates presenting with hemorrhagic disease at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Abstract

Objective: To identify the clinical presentations and outcomes of infant with Hemorrhagic Disease of Newborn (HDN). Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Neonatology, National Institute of Child Health (NICH), Karachi, Period: July to December 2021. Material & Methods: The babies diagnosed with HDN were included in the study. Age at onset of symptoms, gender, feeding pattern, place of delivery, site of bleeding and outcome were recorded. The outcome was compared with the chi-square test and the p-value <0.05 is considered significant. Results: Ninety five babies were included in the study. Male to female ratio was 1.87:1 and mean age of admission was 6.31 ± 5.98 days. The type of HDN was Early in 21 (22.1%), Classic in 55 (57.9%) and Late in 19 (20%) babies. In this study, 77.9 % babies were on exclusive breast feeding. Fifty four (56.8%) were delivered at homes, 9 (9.5%) at private clinics and 32 (33.7%) at government hospitals. In our country most babies are delivered at home where vitamin K is not given prophylactic to the newborn, leading to HDN. The site of bleeding were gastrointestinal, superficial, umbilicus and intracranial in 36 (37.9%), 24 (25.3 %), 21 (22.1%) and 12 (12.6%) neonates respectively. In this study, majority of babies (88.4 %) discharged. Conclusion: HDN was common in male gender, home deliveries, vaginal deliveries and breast fed.