Association of adolescence pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcome.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the association of adolescence pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcome. Study Design: Prospective Cohort study. Setting: Department of Gynae and Obs, HBS General Hospital Islamabad. Period: June-2018 to April-2019. Material & Methods: A total of 226 pregnant females with singleton pregnancy of 20-24 weeks gestational age and 16 to 30 years of age were included in the study. Patients with known diabetics, h/o chronic hypertension, known smoker and any renal disease etc. were excluded. Women included were divided into two groups. All women between 16-20 years of age were included in adolescence group (group A) and age >20-30 years in adult group (group B). All patients were followed till delivery and outcome variables like adverse pregnancy outcome in terms of preeclampsia and small for gestational age infants were noted. Results: The mean age of women in group A was 18.15 ± 0.79 years and in group B was 25.42 ± 2.08 years. The mean gestational age in group A was 21.54 ± 1.46 weeks and in group B was 21.98 ± 1.07 weeks. Frequency of small for gestational age infants in adolescence group was 7.96% while in adult group was 1.76% with p-value of 0.030 and relative risk of 4.5 which is significant. Frequency of pre-eclampsia in adolescence group was 21.24% while in adult group was 4.42% with p-value of 0.000 and relative risk of 4.8 which is significant. Conclusion: This study concluded that the frequency of pre-eclampsia and small for gestational age infants in adolescence pregnancy is higher compared to adult pregnancy which shows adolescence pregnancy as a risk factor for pre-eclampsia and small for gestational age infants.