Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus; its incidence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern.

Abstract

Objective: To determine incidence of MRSA in our community and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Sahara Medical College Narowal. Period: January 2020 to June 2020. Material & Methods: Bacterial isolates were taken from the samples of blood, pus and other body fluids sent to the hospital laboratory to determine culture and sensitivity pattern. Those samples positive for staphylococcus aureus were included in the study for further examination. MRSA were detected using conventional technique (catalase, coagulase and DNase methods) and confirmed by phenotypic and molecular characterization techniques (cefoxitin and oxacillin sensitivity, mec-A gene and 16S rRNA genes sequencing methods). Their antibiotic sensitivity was determined using standard Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Chi square test was applied on collected data using SPSS-24. Results: Total 158 bacterial isolates containing staphylococcus aureus were included in the study. MRSA (multi drug resistant staphylococcus aureus) was detected in 33.5% samples and MSSA (multi drug sensitive staphylococcus aureus) was detected in 66.5% samples. Frequency of MSSA was more than MRSA. Male gender was more affected (60%) than female (40%). All bacterial isolates containing staphylococcus aureus were resistant to oxacillin and cefoxitin. MRSA isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, fosfomycin and fusidic acid, rifampicin, clindamycin, minocyclin and chloramphenicol, while resistant to penicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and co-trimoxazole. Conclusion: MRSA is detected by conventional technique followed by phenotypic and molecular characterization methods for confirmation. Methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus was detected more commonly than methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus in our study sample. Proper culture and antibiotic sensitivity pattern is necessary to deal with MRSA.