SNAKE BITE

DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES, MANIFESTATIONS, COMPLICATIONS AND TREATMENT

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To find out demographic features, manifestations, complications and effects of treatment in victims of snake bite in Multan region. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. PERIOD: 1986 to 1996 MATERIAL AND METHODS: All the patients coming to the Nishtar Hospital Multan with history of snake bite between 1986 and 1996 were included in the study. Their demographic features and manifestations of snake bite were recorded. In addition to general measures, antivenom if indicated was given and its effects noted. RESULTS: A total of 134 patients of snake bite, 103 males and 31 females, with age ranging from 1-84 years (mean 25 years) were studied. Snake was seen in 54% cases, 60% patients were bitten during the dark, 52% patients were bitten on the foot, 79% patients received first aid, either cut or bandage. Local pain and swelling, nausea, vomiting, fever and spontaneous bleeding were common manifestations, 49.7% patients required local treatment, 2.2% patients required respiratory support. Antivenom was given to 62.6% patients, 2.2% patients showed severe anaphylactic reactions and antivenom was withheld. Average dose of antivenom given was 60 ml. 1.4% had toe amputation and 2.2% patients died. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous bleeding is the most common manifestation of snake bite in this area. Antivenom can be successfully given to a large majority of victims if reactions are treated and effects of antivenoming can be life saving.