PATTERN OF CARDIAC VALVES INVOLVEMENT IN RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE

A 100 CASE STUDY

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of different cardiac valves involvement secondary to Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) in our region.
Study Design: Prospective observational study Setting: Coronary Care Unit (CCU) and various medical wards Bahawal Victoria Hospital
(BVH) Bahawalpur Study Period: From Dec 2001 to Dec 2002. Patients & Methods: A total of 100 patients regardless of age and sex,
fulfilling the selection criteria of RHD were studied in detail according to a specifically designed proforma. The selected patients were further
evaluated by echocardiography to see the involvement of different cardiac valves and the results were compiled on percentage basis.
Results: Mitral was the most frequently involved valve. Pure mitral stenosis (MS) was seen in 30 patients (30%), 22 (73.33%) were female
and 8 (26.66%) were males, while pure mitral regurgitation (MR) was seen in 12 patients (12%) comprising 7 (58.33%) females and 5
(41.66%) males. Out of 20 patients (20%) with mixed mitral valve disease 11 (55%) were females and 9 (45%) males. Pure aortic
regurgitation (AR) was seen in 2 patients (2%), 1 (50%) each for male and female, while pure aortic stenosis (AS) was seen in none. Mixed
aortic valve involvement was seen in 2 patients (2%) comprising of 1 (50%) patient each for male and female. Combined mitral and aortic
valves were involved in 34 patients (34%) having equal distribution in males and females. Conclusion: Combined mitral and aortic valvular
lesion is the most frequent pattern of cardiac valvular involvement in RHD, while mitral is the most frequently involved single valve.