TYPE 2 DIABETICS

COMPONENTS OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME

Abstract

Introduction: The combination of hypertension, dyslipedemia, central
obesity with insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia or glucose intolerance has been termed the "Metabolic Syndrome."
This syndrome is a powerful determinant for cardiovascular disease. Presence of one risk factor mandates search for
other factors. Hypertension and obesity and smoking are assessed clinically while Hyperglycemia and dyslipedemia
are detected by lab screening. Objective: To detect the other component of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetics.
Design of study: Observational study. Setting: At Al-Shifa Metabolic Center, Faisalabad. Study Period: From
January 2005 to June 2006 Materials And Methods: All patients with type2 diabetes mellitus were assessed for
hypertension, central obesity and fasting serum cholesterol to define the different components of the Metabolic
Syndrome. on diabetics presenting for routine consultancy. Results. A total of 8300 labeled type2 diabetics were
enrolled. Random blood sugar, blood pressure and central obesity by waist hip ratio were assessed and appointment
was given for complimentary screening of fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceroid level. Only 2656 presented for
screening of lipids and only this group was evaluated further. 92% of patients were between 30-70 years of age. 8%
were above the age of 70. There were 39% males and 61% females, 39% of diabetics had hypertension, 60% were
centrally obese, 69% had fasting serum cholesterol level above 150 mg/dL and 49% had fasting serum triglyceride level
above 150mg/dl. Conclusion. Diabetes Mellitus, obesity, especially the central type, hypertension and dyslipedemia
are metabolically linked together. All of these are clustered together quiet frequently. These are well-established risk
factors for coronary heart disease, the major cause of mortality. Treating hyperglycemia alone in diabetics does not
protect coronaries. All of the risk factors shall be defined and treated together in every patient at risk of CHD. Treating
obesity is beneficial in glycemic, lipemic and hypertension control.