Prevalence of GDM in KHUH, and its effect on pregnancy and neonatal outcome following IADPSG criteria {the international association of diabetes and pregnancy study group}.

Abstract

Introduction: GDM is a metabolic disorder defined as its recognition first time in pregnancy. Women with GDM are at increased risk of morbidity and poor fetal outcome. Hence it is essential that early diagnosis and management of disease is carried out to avoid poor maternal and fetal outcome. Objectives: The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of GDM in KHUH following the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG} Criteria. Following this strict criteria we analyzed the management and its effect on maternal and fetal outcome. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: King Hamad University Hospital. Period: Feb 2015-Jan 2016. Inclusion: Patients diagnosed as GDM after 75gm OGTT. Exclusion Criteria: Known diabetic. Patients with unknown diabetic status. Materials and Methods: The study included 230 patients mostly between 24-28 weeks attending the antenatal clinic and some in late third trimester. This study included patient with GDM from - Feb 2015-Jan 2016. For the said year the total number of deliveries were 2747. These patients were given 75 gm OGTT test, by taking first fasting levels and then were given 75 gms of glucose drink and blood levels were taken at 1and 2hrs respectively. The fasting, 1hr and 2hr values were <5.1, 1 hr <10 and 2hrs <8.5. Patient with GDM were managed and followed till delivery to find out the maternal and fetal outcome. Results: The prevalence of GDM in this study was 8%. The C-section rate was 21.8%. The antenatal complications were 7.3% and major complication was hypertension. The postnatal complications were 5.6% and main complication was post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) due to lacerations. Macrosomia was found in 3.4% of cases. The preterm delivery rate was 2.6%. NICU admission was 25.7% and 58.3% of these were admitted for 24 hour observation only. Conclusion: GDM affects maternal and fetal outcome. By following the IADPSG criteria for screening and managing the women helped us in attaining good maternal and fetal outcome.