TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS;

EFFECTIVENESS OF PAID FOR SCREENING EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS OF PATIENTS AFFECTING ADHERENCE AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL.

Abstract

Objectives: The study is aimed to assess emotional problem of patients with Type2
diabetes by translating and validating PAID. Associations between PAID and blood glucose
levels, and differences in prevalence of emotional problems across treatment modalities and
BMI. Data Sources: Data was collected from various outpatients of Rawalpindi and Islamabad.
Sample and Procedure: The sample of study comprised of 300 patients with diabetes both
male = 135 (45%) and female n=165 (55%). Formal approval was taken from authorities at
respective hospitals and after taking informed consent patients were interviewed. Period:
Data collection was completed during Feb to April, 2013. Material and Method: Patients were
asked to fill in demographic sheet along with Translated PAID scale. Latest blood glucose levels
were collected from their medical records whereas BMI was calculated by measuring patients’
weight and height. Results: Results showed that emotional problems as assessed by PAID are
positively correlated with blood glucose levels (r=.12 to r=.19, p<.05). Additionally, patients
with IV modality of treatment (i.e., taking insulin shots) suffered significantly high (MD=4.88,
p=.01) from emotional problems and patients with normal BMI and Obese Class-II have are at
higher risk of emotional problem. Finally, patients rated serious concerns on diabetes-related
issues like lifelong maintenance, future complications, depression and anxiety, and satisfaction
with physician. Conclusions: PAID is a very effective instrument in identifying emotional
problems of diabetes patients related to adherence and compliance to their treatment regime
and hence it shall be used by physicians and health professional in routine practice.