GOITER

PREVALENCE AND COMPARISON OF GOITER IN DIFFERENT TALUKAS OF DISTRICT SUKKUR, SINDH, PAKISTAN

Abstract

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe prevalence of Goiter disorder
and to classify the Goiter patients regarding sex, age and find various conditions of goiter patient
in different talukas of district Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan. Introduction: Thyroid gland is the largest
organ of the endocrine system, located in the region of neck. Thyroid disease is a condition
that disturbs the function of the thyroid gland. Over activity of thyroid gland to release excess
quantity of hormones is called hyperthyroidism and under activity of thyroid gland to release
less quantity of hormones is called hypothyroidism. Enlargement or swellings in the neck region
resulting from goiter disorder of the thyroid gland. Goiter is caused due to iodine deficiency
as seen in more than 90.54% cases worldwide. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are two
condition that can develop goiter disorder. Study Design: Prospective study was carried out
through a questionnaire. Setting: Different Taluka Hospitals of District Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan.
Period: January-2017 to March-2017. Methodology: The data was collected from 57 patients in
different taluka hospitals of district Sukkur. The collected data includes interviewing of patients
and their Physicians, review of their biochemical tests to check levels of; T3, T4 and TSH and
their radiological features (thyroid scan). Recorded data was related to age, gender, body mass
(weight), life style and family history. Result: The highest prevalence of goiter was observed in
Anwar Piracha hospital 45%, Civil hospital Sukkur 14 %, Red Crescent hospital 8.8 %, Sukkur
hospital 7.0 %, Taluka hospital Panoaqil 5.3 %, Taluka hospital Rohri 5.3 %, and Al-khair hospital
3.5 %. In these areas, the ratio of female patients (94.7 %) was greater than ratio of male patients
(5.3%). In our study it was observed that the female patients were greatly affected from the age
of 25-50 years as compare to male patients. The patients with hypothyroidism were observed in
high percentage (24.6%) and high percentage in cold nodule in (left and right lobe) (17.5%) as
compare to other goiter conditions. Conclusion: This study concludes that the goiter disease
is present at an alarming level in different talukas of district Sukkur Sindh Pakistan. Therefore,
proper actions should be taken to control goiter disorder in district Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan.