CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

SEVERITY & ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN CAUSING HEART FAILURE IN PATIENTS PRESENTED WITH STEMI AT GULAB DEVI CHEST HOSPITAL

Abstract

Background: Development of heart failure is always secondary to presence
of risk factors like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, age, smoking and underlying coronary
artery disease. Objective: The objective of this study was to find the frequency of risk factors
and coronary artery involvement in patients of heart failure after myocardial infarction. Study
Design: A non-randomized cross sectional study. Setting: Gulab Devi Chest Hospital. Period:
Six months. Methods: 100 patients was done. Using non probability (purposive) sampling
technique; all patients with ages between 20 to 80 years, irrespective of gender, diagnosed
with heart failure (with ejection fraction ≤ 40%) secondary to STEMI were included in the
study. Patients that were not having heart failure secondary to STEMI and those that hadn’t
their coronary angiography done were excluded from the study. The data were analyzed using
SPSS Version 20. Descriptive statistics was used to see analyze the data. Results: Mean age
of patients was 52.61±10.2years. There was an overall male predominance (81%). Common
risk factors that we observed were smoking (65%), hypertension (62%), diabetes (58%) and
positive family history (38%). In this study 51% patients had triple vessels disease, 15% patients
had double vessels disease and 34% patients had single vessel disease. Most common lesion
was of LAD following LCX, RCA and LMS. Conclusion: Our study conclude that coronary
artery disease is the main causative factor for the development of heart failure in patients of
myocardial infarction and even a single vessel disease can lead to heart failure with severe
systolic dysfunction. Most common associated risk factor was smoking, hypertension being the
second most common following diabetes and positive family history.