Clinical profile and predictors of outcomes of guillain-barré syndrome variants among patients admitted in tertiary care hospital.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the clinical profile, outcomes, and independent predictors of poor prognosis in patients diagnosed with Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Study Design: Cross-sectional Observational study. Setting: Department of Neurology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Period: November 2024 to April 2025. Methods: A total of 134 adult patients diagnosed with GBS were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling. Data were collected prospectively through structured clinical assessment, nerve conduction studies, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Outcome was measured using the Hughes Disability Score. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS v26.0, applying chi-square test and binary logistic regression with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Among 134 Guillain-Barré Syndrome patients, 72.4% were aged 18–45 years and 63.4% were male. Gastrointestinal infection (40.3%) was the most common antecedent. Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (43.3%) was the predominant variant; albuminocytologic dissociation was present in 79.1%. Symmetric ascending weakness (91.0%), quadriparesis (67.9%), and facial palsy (29.9%) were frequent. Mechanical ventilation (21.6%) and ICU admission (30.6%) were required. Good outcome occurred in 72.4% of cases. Poor outcome (27.6%) was significantly associated with older age (p < 0.001), subacute progression (p = 0.039), absent ACD (p < 0.001), neck weakness, ventilation, and ICU admission (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Favorable outcomes in GBS were associated with early presentation and AIDP subtype, while poor prognosis correlated with old age, delayed admission, absence of albuminocytologic dissociation, and ICU care.