MICROALBUMINURIA;

“COMPARISON OF LOSARTAN POTASSIUM AND LISINOPRIL IN TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS”

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a rapidly increasing problem which is contributing to
chronic illnesses like Cerebrovascular, Cardiovascular, Diabetic Retinopathy and End Stage
Kidney Disease. These dreaded complications can be prevented if treated early. In patients
with diabetes mellitus type 2, microalbuminuria is an independent and strong risk factor for
cardiovascular mortality & morbidity and diabetic nephropathy. If diagnosed early, diabetic
nephropathy can be treated at this stage. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE
Inhibitors) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) are effective in prevention and treatment
of microalbuminuria. Material & Methods: Study Design: randomized controlled trial. Setting:
medical department, allied hospital, Faisalabad. Duration of study: Feb 2013 to July 2013.
Sample size: 60 (30 in each group). Sampling technique: Non-probability consecutive
sampling. Results: 60 patients were included in the study. 28(46.7%) were males and 32(53.3%)
were females. Mean age of study population was 50.15±7.27 years. Albumin creatinine ratio
(mcg/mg) at start of study was 193±67.5 in Losartan potassium group and 209.5±72.00 in
lisinopril group (independent sample t-test p value=0.302). Albumin creatinine ratio (mcg/
mg) at 12 weeks of study was 36.33±54.68 in Losartan potassium group and 72±83.42 in
lisinopril group (independent sample t-test p value = 0.056). Paired sample t test applied to
both treatment groups and p value was found to be 0.0001 which is highly significant for both
groups and shows that both drugs are effective in reducing microalbuminuria in both groups.
Microalbuminuria was reduced significantly in 26 patients (86.7%) in Losartan potassium
group and 20 patients (66.7%) in lisinopril group (p-value=0.067). Conclusion: It has been
concluded from this study that lisinopril and Losartan potassium, both significantly reduce
microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus and there is no statistically significant difference in
efficacy of these two drugs in reducing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus.