Comparison of E test GRD and vancomycin screen agar (BHI-V3 and BHI-V4) in detection of heteroresistant vancomycin intermediate staphylococcus aureus (hVISA).

Abstract

Objectives: MRSA isolates with vancomycin MIC of 1-2 μg/ml have been linked with treatment failure and heteroresistant VISA phenotype. This study was aimed at comparing two screening methods i.e. GRD Etest and Vancomycin Screen agar in detection of heteroresistance. Material & Methods: The present study was carried out on 41 Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different clinical specimens collected from Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. After screening for methicillin resistance, vancomycin MIC was determined by standard E test. Isolates with a vancomycin MIC of 1-2 μg/ml were screened for heteroresistance by Glycopeptide Resistance Detection (GRD) E-test and Vancomycin screen agar. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0. Study Design: Comparative Study. Setting: Pathology Department of Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Period: May 2014 to May 2015. Results: When compared with E test GRD, Vancomycin screen agar (V3) showed 100% sensitivity with a 95% CI 39.76% to 100% and the specificity was 65 % with a 95 % CI 47.46% to 79.79%. Its PPV was 23% and NPV was 100% with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 68%. When compared with E test GRD, Vancomycin screen agar (V4) showed a sensitivity of 75% with a 95% CI 19.41% to 99.37% and a specificity of 86.47% with a 95% CI 71.91 to 95.59%. Its PPV was 37.5% and NPV predictive value was 96.96% with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 85.36%. Conclusion: In developing countries like Pakistan, where E tests are costly and difficult to use in routine laboratories, a screening test, which does not miss heteroresistant VISA may be of clinical use.