A CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY
A CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY IN SOUTHERN PUNJAB
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29309/TPMJ/2015.22.09.1137Keywords:
Cephalometry, cephalic index, craniotypes, cranial measurementsAbstract
Background: Morphological characteristics of various races and population
groups usually appear in geographical knots and clusters. Standardized cephalometricrecords
are immensely valuable for clinical and forensic purposes.In spite of its clinical significance no
data is available about the cephalic indices and prevalence of cephalic phenotypes in Southern
Punjab. Objectives: This study was undertaken to record baseline cephalometric data, cephalic
indices and craniotypes. Study design: A cross-sectional population study. Place and duration
of study: The study was carried out at the Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan and took
about fourteen months to complete. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 672
adult individuals (430 males and 242 females) from in and around the city of Multan in Southern
Punjab. Linear measurements of the head including maximum cranial length (glabella-inion
length), maximum cranial breadth (maximum bi-parietal diameter) and maximum auricular
head height were recorded using a digital spreading caliper. Results of measurements were
expressed as mean ± SD. Comparison of the mean values and various proportions between
sexes was performed. The horizontal, vertical and transverse cranial indices were calculated
using these measurements. Craniotyping was based on the ranges in various cephalic indices.
Results: Differences regarding the mean of cranial length, cranial breadth and height were
significantly larger in males as compared to females (P<0.001). The mean vertical, horizontal
and transverse cephalic indices in the males and females were 79.13 ± 5.56, 78.31 ± 5.19,
103 ± 7.78 and 78.32 ± 6.40, 78.32 ± 4.67, 100 ± 8.67 respectively.Most of the samples
depicted craniotypes as mesocephalic and dolichocephalic both in the males and the females.
Conclusion: The study provides baseline cephalometric data from a population of Southern
Punjab that may have its potential in clinical application and future research.
